You might be surprised to hear that having bacteria in your mouth is not only normal – it’s actually healthy!

Our mouths are home to a diverse community of microbes, mostly bacteria, but also some fungi and viruses. This is part of what’s called the human microbiome – the trillions of microorganisms that live in and on our bodies.

In fact, the average human body has around 30 trillion human cells, but about 38 trillion bacteria – so we’re more microbe than human!

The Mouth Microbiome

When we hear about the microbiome, we usually think of gut health. But there’s growing research showing that the mouth has just as many – or even more – bacteria as the gut.

Scientists have identified around 700 different species of bacteria in the mouth. These microbes help protect us, break down food, and support the immune system.

When Good Bacteria Turn Bad

According to Dr Karolin Hijazi at the University of Aberdeen, certain mouth bacteria can change from being harmless to harmful. While many bacteria support a healthy mouth, imbalances can lead to gum disease – and more concerningly, links to heart attacks have been found.

This shift can be triggered by things like:

• Poor oral hygiene

• A diet high in sugar or processed foods

• Smoking

• Certain medications

• Chronic stress

• Underlying health conditions

When these changes occur, the balance of the mouth microbiome can tilt in favour of inflammatory, disease-causing bacteria. This doesn’t just affect your gums – it can also lead to bacteria entering the bloodstream and contributing to heart disease and other health issues.

Why It Matters

Looking after your oral health isn’t just about avoiding cavities or bad breath. It’s also about supporting your whole-body health – especially your heart.

By maintaining a healthy mouth microbiome, you may also reduce your risk of:

• Gum disease

• Cardiovascular problems

• Inflammation

• Systemic infections

Tips for a Healthy Mouth Microbiome

• Brush and floss regularly, but avoid over-scrubbing

• Use a gentle, fluoride-based toothpaste

• Avoid antibacterial mouthwashes that kill all bacteria – including the good ones

• Eat a balanced, whole-food diet rich in fibre and low in sugar

• Drink plenty of water

• Include fermented foods or probiotics that support overall microbial health

• Don’t smoke – it damages both oral tissues and microbial balance

• See your dentist or hygienist regularly for check-ups

Key Takeaway:
Your mouth is a thriving ecosystem – and keeping it in balance is essential for both oral and overall health. What’s happening in your mouth could be a window into what’s going on in your whole body.